Inspired by nature, Northwestern Engineering professors are finding new ways to create important industrial products that require much less energy.
In a first for the field, a Northwestern team has used light and water to convert acetylene into ethylene, a widely used, highly valuable chemical and a key ingredient in plastics.
Traditionally, chemists have created ethylene through steam cracking, an industrial method that employs hot steam to break down ethane into smaller molecules, which are then distilled into ethylene. Achieving the high temperatures and pressures required for a successful chemical reaction requires an incredible amount of energy.
A collaboration between Northwestern faculty in the Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science has discovered a photosynthesis-like process that is much less expensive and energy intensive. To convert acetylene into ethylene, Emily Weiss, professor of chemistry, and Samuel I. Stupp, Board of Trustees Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, replaced the process’s traditional catalyst, palladium, with cobalt, a less expensive, more abundant alternative.
Our strategy is a first, major step toward producing this important commodity chemical with the lowest energy footprint possible.Emily WeissProfessor of Chemistry
The researchers also used room-temperature and ambient pressure. In place of heat, they used visible light. And while the traditional process relies on protons from hydrogen, which is produced from fossil fuels and generates vast amounts of carbon dioxide, the team replaced hydrogen with plain water as a source for protons.
“Our strategy is a first, major step toward producing this important commodity chemical with the lowest energy footprint possible,” says Weiss, who also has a courtesy appointment as a professor of materials science and engineering.